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HPV16感染的宫颈鳞癌中微小染色体维持蛋白-5和P16INK4A的表达其

2019-09-16 09:47 字体:   打印 收藏 
摘要:目的:探讨HPV16感染宫颈癌中微小染色体维持蛋白-7(MCM7)与P16INK4A表达及意义。方法:实时荧光定量PCR及免疫组化测定存在HPV16感染正常宫颈、CIN I、CIN II~III及鳞癌MCM7、P16INK4A的mRNA、蛋白表达情况,分析临床意义。结果:(1)MCM7 mRNA及蛋白在HPV16感染的不同程度宫颈上皮内瘤变组织中表达趋势一致,随CIN程度增加表达增高。MCM7 mRNA及蛋白在鳞癌中表达显著较各级别上皮内病变及正常组织高(P<0.01)。结论:MCM7和P16INK4A在宫颈癌中高表达,可能与其发生、进展相关。MCM7可较好的反应宫颈的恶性增生,与P16INK4A联合检测对于完善CIN分级及预后的判断意义重大。
关键词:宫颈鳞癌;P16INK4A;微小染色体维持蛋白7
Expression and significance of minimal chromosomal protein-5 and P16INK4A in cervical squamous cell carcinoma with HPV16 infection
Abstract: objective: To investigate the expression and significance of minimal maintenance protein-5 and P16INK4A in cervical carcinoma and cervical lesions with different degrees of HPV16 infection. Method:HPV16 infection of 20 cases of normal cervical tissues, 14 cases of I CIN tissue, 18 cases of II~III CIN tissue, 50 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma;the expression of and mRNA in MCM7 and P16INK4A were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, and the clinical significance was analyzed. Result:(1)MCM7 mRNA and protein in HPV16 infection in different degrees of cervical lesions in the organization, the expression of the same trend, with the increase in the degree of CIN expression increased. Expression of MCM7 mRNA and protein in cervical carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal and all levels of cervical lesions (P < 0.01). Expression of mRNA MCM7 and protein in cervical cancer was not correlated with age (P > 0.05), and was correlated with pathological grade and clinical stage (P < 0.01).(2)The expression trends of P16INK4AmRNA and protein in cervical lesions in different degrees of HPV16 infection were consistent, and the expression increased with the increase of CIN degree. The expression level of mRNA P16INK4A and protein in cervical carcinoma was significantly higher than that in normal and I CIN tissues (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between CINII~III and (P > 0.05). Expression of mRNA P16INK4A and protein in cervical cancer was not correlated with age and clinical stage (P > 0.05), and was correlated with pathological grading (P < 0.01).(3)Expression of MCM7 protein and P16INK4A protein in cervical squamous cell carcinoma was positively correlated (P, r=0.497 < 0.01). Conclusion: there is high expression of MCM7 and P16INK4A in cervical carcinoma, which may be related to the occurrence and progression of cervical cancer. MCM7 can be a better reaction of cervical malignant hyperplasia, and P16INK4A joint detection for the improvement of CIN classification and prognosis of the significance of the judgment.
Key words: cervical squamous cell carcinoma; P16INK4A; MCM7
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料以本院本科室2014年2月~2016年2月期间予以手术治疗后病理活检确诊为宫颈鳞癌的病人50例,低度宫颈上皮内瘤病变(CIN I级)14例,高度宫颈上皮内瘤病变(CIN II~III级)18例。宫颈鳞癌病人平均年龄40.5±5.8岁,38~64岁,其中40岁及以上病人31例,小于40岁病人19例。根据国际妇产科联盟的临床分期标准[5]:Ia期6例,Ib期12例,Ⅱa期14例,Ⅱb期18例。所有病人均确诊为HPV16单一感染,通过术后病理确诊,术前均没有放化疗及其他药物治疗。选择相同时间段内我院收治存在HPV16单一感染,并由于子宫脱垂住院予以子宫全切后病理结果提示正常宫颈组织病人20例作为对照组。获得组织标本后予以分为2份,一份进行甲醛溶液(100mmol/L)固定后石蜡包埋;一份冻存于液氮中。这次课题得到我院伦理委员会批准,全部病人签署知情同意书。
1.2仪器与试剂ABI 7500 Real-Time定量PCR仪,上海智岩科学仪器有限公司;来自博士德生物技术公司:DAB显色盒;SABC免疫组化盒;鼠抗人P16INK4A单抗;兔抗人MCM7单抗。宝生物工程公司的产品:SYBR Premix EX Taq 实时荧光定量盒;RT-PCR逆转录盒;RNAiso  Plus RNA 提取剂。
1.3引物:宝生物工程公司进行合成P16INK4A和MCM7的引物;上海生物工程公司合成内参β-actin。其中引物及内参序列见表1。
    1.4实时定量荧光PCR
1.4.1提取总RNA与合成cDNA:取组织样本50mg,提取总RNA(仔细根据说相关试剂明书开展),测其纯度(紫外分光法),予以A(260)/A(280)位于1.8~2.2的标本严格按照逆转录试剂盒说明书进行反转录,将500ng总RNA加入20uL反应体系中,条件:37°C 、15min,85°C、5s,4°C,获得cDNA后即可予以PCR或冰箱保存(-20°C)。
1.4.2实时荧光定量PCR:ABI 7500 Real-Time定量PCR仪对MCM7 mRNA与P16INK4AmRNA的相对表达量进行检测,根据实时荧光定量试剂盒说明书开展操作。PCR反应体系(20uL):2uLcDNA、95°C、预变性30s;PCR循环40次,95°C、5s,60°C、20s。溶解并绘制溶解曲线:90°C、1min,65°C、15s,37°30S。
1.5免疫组化:采用SABC法进行蛋白表达的检测。取出切片后予以脱蜡、水化、高压热抗原修复后阳性(+):阳性细胞10~30%;重度阳性(++):31%~70%;强阳性(+++):>70%。P16INK4A蛋白阳性表达:细胞核或(和)细胞质内染棕黄色。10个视野下,均计500个肿瘤细胞,得到平均阳性细胞率,根据染色强度和阳性细胞率进行判断: 阴性(-):无明显染色,阳性细胞数低于10%;弱(+):弱阳性染色,阳性细胞数10%~30%;重度阳性(++):阳性细胞数31%~60%;强阳性(+++):存在超过60%的阳性染色细胞。
1.5统计学方法:采取SPSS17.0处理数据,以均数±标准差()表示荧光定量结果,组间比较采用Mann-WhitneyU秩和检验;多组间比较采用Kruskal-WallishH秩和检验;采取χ及Fisher确切概率法处理免疫组化资料;采取非参数秩和检验处理等级资料;Spearman秩检验进行相关性分析。以P<0.05为有显著差别。
2结果
2.1  MCM7、P16INK4A  mRNA 在不同宫颈组织的表达:以正常组织表达量为标准,mRNA的相对表达量应用2-ΔΔct法获得。(1)MCM7mRNA的相对表达量随着宫颈病变的程度升高逐渐增加,存0.001);较CINII~III组织无显著差别(χ2=-1.572,P>0.05)。在CINI组织中表达量较正常组织无显著差别(χ2=-1.217,P>0.05);较CINII~III组织有显著差别(χ2=-3.54;P<0.01)。见表2.
2.3  P16INK4A、MCM7 mRNA的表达与临床特征的关系:(1)宫颈癌中MCM7mRNA的表达和年龄无关(χ=-0.316,P>0.05);与临床分期有关,MCM7mRNA表达量Ia~Ib期明显低于IIa~IIb期(χ=-4.87,P<0.01)。和病理分级有关,表达量随病理分级降低而降低(χ=-4.279,P<0.01)。(2)宫颈癌中P16INK4AmRNA表达和年龄无关(χ=-1.079,P>0.05);和临床分期无关(χ=2.001,P>0.05);和病理分级有关,随着病理分级的降低而降低(χ=8.560,P<0.01)。见表3.
2.4 HPV16感染后不同宫颈组织中MCM7、P16INK4A蛋白的表达:阳性表达的MCM7蛋白定位于细胞核,为棕黄色颗粒。宫颈正常组织中无或仅为弱表达,限于基底层。随着宫颈内瘤变程度加重,阳性表达细胞升高,范围增大,染色增强,鳞癌组织呈现弥漫表达,见图1。阳性表达的P16INK4A蛋白为棕黄染色位于细胞核(和)或胞浆中。正常组织中几乎没有表达。随着宫颈内瘤变程度加重,阳性表达细胞升高,范围增大,染色增强,鳞癌组织呈现弥漫表达,染色强阳性为主,见图2。
  
  
(1)在不同宫颈组织病理学改变程度增加MCM7蛋白表达逐渐升高,差异有显著性(P<0.01);其中在鳞癌中表达显著高于正常及各程度瘤变组织(P<0.05);CINI组织较CINII~III中表达没有显著差别(P>0.05))。(2)P16INK4A在不同宫颈组织中表达随着病变程度升高逐渐增加,存在显著差别(P<0.01);在CINII~III中的表达显著高于正常组织及CINI组织(P<0.05),较宫颈癌组织表达差别不显著(P>0.05)。见表4.
2.4 MCM7、P16INK4A蛋白表达与临床特征的关系:鳞癌中MCM7蛋白表达和病理分化、临床分期相关(P<0.01);与年龄无关(P>0.05)。P16INK4A的表达和病理分化有关(P<0.05);与临床分期及年龄无关(P>0.05)。见表5.
2.5 鳞癌中MCM7、P16INK4A蛋白表达的相关性:宫颈癌中MCM7和P16INK4A蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.497,P<0.01)。见表6.
3讨论
HPV基因基本结构包括早、中、晚三个重要区域,其中HPV感染细胞的恶变常与早期基因区域(early  region, E)及其产物E6、E7的表达异常相关[6]。相关报道显示,高危HPV持续感染状态为宫颈癌发生及进展的重要因素[7],HPV16则为世界公认引起宫颈鳞癌最重要基因型[8]。因此我们选择HPV16单一感染的宫颈病变组织纳入研究,排除了多重、不同类别感染造成的干扰。由于HPV感染多较短暂,其病毒基因组尚未整合进入宿主时对HPV DNA的监测应用于癌前病变患者恶变程度判断意义有限。而MCM7和P16INK4A均在细胞增殖过程中对其周期进行调节,因此其应用于病情进展及癌前病变的预测不受基因整合的限制,较HPV监测可能意义重大[9]。因此我们对不同程度上皮内病变及鳞癌中MCM7、P16INK4A表达进行了检测,对其在鳞癌发生、进展过程的作用、与临床特征的关系进行了探讨。
相关报道显示[19],P16INK4A在多数肿瘤中均不表达或低表达,但宫颈癌组织中为高表达,但较宫颈癌组织中表达无显著差异。相关报道表明[21~23],低级别瘤变组织P16INK4A阳性表达病人较阴性易向高度上皮内瘤变发展。因此我们认为,的检测P16INK4A尽管无法对高度瘤变向恶变的进展进行预测,但在一定程度上可区分上皮内瘤变的高低程度,对上皮内瘤变的转归具有一定的预测作用,将其纳入癌前病变的诊断的分子标志物中有助于提高筛查的准确度。
本次研究,MCM7 mRNA及蛋白在宫颈正常组织中的表达明显低于各级瘤变组织及鳞癌组织;鳞癌中的表达明显高于CINII~III。这提示上调的MCM7标志着潜在恶性细胞和非典型细胞的增生,因此我们或许可以根据MCM7的表达量在一定程度上对正常宫颈组织、上皮内瘤变、恶性增生组织进行区分,可能作为癌前病变与鳞癌的新的诊断辅助指标。这与Zhang [13]等人研究结果相一致。
有研究显示[14],宫颈涂片中应用MCM7抗体检测进行恶变潜能细胞的诊断其敏感性和特异性均较高。而在我们的研究中,CIN II~III宫颈内瘤变组织中MCM7蛋白及mRNA的表达较CINI均没有显著差别,因此我们认为尚不能根据MCM表达的的改变来进行宫颈内瘤变程度分级
我们发现,MCM7和P16INK4A蛋白在鳞癌中表达呈正相关,表明二者在HPV16感染鳞癌发生、进展中可能存在协同作用。因此联合检测MCM7和P16INK4A可以协助判断细胞增殖状态、上皮内瘤变程度,以及筛查出具有潜在恶性的上皮内瘤变,并对预测病情发展及CIN转归意义重大,与HPV的联合检查提高了癌前病变及宫颈癌的筛查阳性率。
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